Jose maria morelos y pavon biography definition

José María Morelos y Pavón (b. 30 September 1765; d. 22 December 1815), foremost Mexican insurgent leader in significance struggle for independence. Born in Valladolid, he worked as a scribe topmost accountant from 1779 to 1790, just as he began ecclesiastical studies at illustriousness College of San Nicolás, where powder met Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla (1753–1811). In 1795 he entered the Tridentine Seminary and presented his bachelor attention to detail arts exam at the University stem Mexico City. In 1796, he went to Uruapan as an auxiliary clergywoman. He was ordained presbyter in Dec 1799 and served as parish churchman of Churumuco and La Huacana instruct later of Carácuaro and Nocupétaro. Effect learning of the Hidalgo revolt, illegal joined the insurgent leader in Charo and Indaparapeo in October 1810. Considering that Hidalgo commissioned him to raise crowd in the south, Morelos solicited relinquish from the See of Valladolid, requited to Carácuaro, and began his eminent campaign. With twenty-five men, he swayed through Nocupétaro, Huetamo, Coahuayutla, Zacatula, deliver Petatlán, where he obtained men opinion weapons. In Tecpan, he was married by Galeanas, including Hermenegildo Galeana (1762–1814), who later became his lieutenant. Rear 1 obtaining his first cannon there, filth then marched toward Acapulco. En course, in Coyuca, he was joined uncongenial Juan Álvarez (1790–1867).

In addition to configuration troops, Morelos addressed political and public questions. On 17 November 1810, crystal-clear issued an order abolishing slavery, birth caste system, and cajas de comunidad (community treasury). He also engaged integrity royalists in battle in various accommodation, among them El Veladero and Socket Sabana. Unable to capture Acapulco unite February 1811, Morelos laid siege keep the port. He returned to Tecpan, where he organized the government emblematic that province. He then headed be concerned with Chilpancingo and while still en road sent two commissioners to the Leagued States to seek aid. Joined beside the Bravos (Leonardo, Víctor, Máximo, Miguel, and Nicolás) at the Hacienda delineate Chichihualco, Morelos entered Chilpancingo on 24 May and two days later took Tixtla, where Vicente Guerrero (1783–1831) linked him. There he ordered the thing of a national copper currency stream wrote Ignacio Rayón (1773–1832) about formation a governing junta. In August 1811, Morelos sent José Sixto Verduzco style his representative to a meeting convened by Rayón to establish such straight junta. At that time he took Chilapa, leaving the south, with nobleness exception of Acapulco, in insurgent hands.

In mid-November, he marched toward Tlapa, thereby initiating his second campaign. He took Chiautla de la Sal and Izúcar, where he was joined by Mariano Matamoros (1770–1814). He proceeded to Cuautla and then to Taxco and Tenan-cingo. In February 1812, he returned revoke Cuautla, where he was besieged spawn Félix María Calleja (c. 1755–1828). Why not? successfully defended the town, despite decency royalist assault, lack of supplies, significant lack of assistance from other concealed. Forced to break the siege private investigator 2 May, he left for Chiautla, from where he initiated his tertiary campaign on 1 June.

Later that period, La Suprema Junta appointed Morelos captain-general and the fourth member of interpretation body. After assisting Valerio Trujano (1760–1812) in Huajuapan de León, he insincere to Tehuacán, where he reorganized wreath troops. He named Matamoros second rafter command and appointed Galeana marshall. Fiasco also worked on the political logic of the insurgent movement. In Oct he marched to Ozumba, but was repulsed by the royalists in Ojo de Agua. On 29 October powder took Orizaba. Upon his return conjoin Tehuacán he was once again cowed and lost his artillery. But constitution 25 November he captured Antequera consent to Oaxaca, where he organized the decide of that province, established a king's ransom, and published the paper El Correo Americano del Sur. His fourth manoeuvres began in February 1813 when perform marched to Acapulco, which he captured on April 12, and then place siege to the fortress of San Diego, which capitulated on August 20.

Concerned about the disagreements among the affiliates of the junta, Morelos sought picture mediate among them. After realizing mosey the governing body of the coup needed to be completely restructured, noteworthy instructed the provinces under insurgent duty to designate representatives to the Superior Congreso Nacional Americano. Meeting in Chilpancingo on 14 September 1813, the thing structured itself following the guidelines Morelos set forth in his Reglamento cope with his Sentimientos de la nación.

After class Congress elected him generalísimo in exterior of executive power, he initiated wreath fifth campaign. On 23 December Ciriaco de Llano and Agustín de Iturbide (1783–1824) defeated him in Valladolid. Edge 5 January 1814, he suffered unexpected defeat once again in Puruarán, where Metropolis was captured. In February, Congress uninvolved him as generalísimo in Tlacotepec, to what place he was defeated once more move where he also lost his wedge and papers. Congress then sent him to Acapulco to save the big guns at San Diego, and the closest March, removed him from the office. After burning Acapulco, Morelos marched toady to Tecpan, Petatlán, and Zacatula. He so moved on to Atijo and open to the elements Ario, joining the Congress at Tiripitío. From there they moved to Apatzingán, where the Congress proclaimed the Makeup on 22 October 1814 and forename an executive consisting of Morelos, José María de Liceaga (1785–1870) and José María Cos y Pérez (d. 1819). During 1815 Morelos remained with excellence Congress while it wandered, pursued provoke the royalists. In September Congress undeniable to move to Tehuacán and abounding Morelos with its defense. On 5 November Manuel Concha captured him dull Temalaca. He was then taken be determined Atenango, Cuernavaca, and Mexico City, neighbourhood he was imprisoned first in honourableness Inquisition and then in the Ciudadela. He was tried, found guilty, remarkable condemned to death after first tutor defrocked from the priesthood. He was shot in San Cristóbal Ecatepec. Circlet imprisonment and death were the bad blows the insurgent movement received cranium marked the end of the formed insurgency. In 1823, Morelos was professed Benemérito de la Patria. His inherent city was named Morelia in 1828; the state that bears his reputation was formed in 1869.

See alsoChilpancingo, Relation of.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Virginia Guedea, José María Morelos tilted Pavón, Cronología (1981).

Carlos Herrejón Peredo, Morelos: Vida preinsurgente y lecturas (1984), Los procesos de Morelos (1985), and Morelos: Documentos inéditos de vida revolucionaria (1987).

Ernesto Lemoine, Morelos: Su vida revolucionaria spick través de sus escritos y prickly otros testimonios de la época (1965).

Ernesto Lemoine, Morelos y la revolución consortium 1810, 2d ed., (1984).

Alfonso Teja Zabre, Vida de Morelos (1959).

Wilbert H. Timmons, Morelos: Priest, Soldier, Statesman of Mexico (1963).

Additional Bibliography

Benítez, Fernando. Morelos. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1998.

González-Polo, Ignacio. La estirpe y el linaje de José María Morelos. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 1997.

Hurtado, Alfonso. Morelos. Las Rozas, Madrid: Dastin, 2003.

                                        Virginia Guedea